Teenage alcoholism Essay Example For Students

Young liquor abuse Essay In the event that you have a coupon or promotion code, if it's not too much trouble enter it above How Would You Like To Receive Our Paper? All paper conveyances by means of email come in two structures: once as plain content in the body of an email message and, once more, as a record connection good with most current word processors. It isn't important to have the option to see the document rendition of our paper, be that as it may, as the plain content adaptation works with ANY PC and ANY email program. Email is the quickest, simplest, and most mainstream conveyance technique! This strategy will get your paper to you by the following industry day. If you don't mind recollect that if youre requesting after 4:00 PM Eastern Time, it will initially be delivered the next morning. Government Express doesn't convey on ends of the week; yet The Paper Store will readily email or fax any paper to you.. seven days every week. 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Odyssey bibliography Essay Example for Free

Odyssey list of sources Essay Odysseus was one of the celebrated Greek artists. He was Laertes and Anticlea’s child and was hitched to Penelope (a lady thought to be excessively dependable) and was a dad to Telemachus. Odysseus was the lord of Ithaca, a most loved spot in Athens, and was one of only a handful hardly any Greeks that got back securely from troy and the Trojan War however it required some investment before they returned. He is accepted to have thought of certain sonnets toward the finish of eighth century BC. Odysseus was among the pioneer of Achaeans who have added to most piece of Greek writing. In his various different backgrounds, he is see as a saint and in opposite side as a disappointment, in the focal point of his book reference as composed by homer, his investment in Trojan war and his deceives that made him stand remarkable clearing route for his accomplishment in his missions. He was a family man who concentrated on accomplishments and didn't accept on disappointments, he trusted in as extraordinary intensity of divine beings that were making him solid in accept that they were in his help in the triumph. The exposition centers around the existence line of Odysseus, interest and commitments just as his character attributes as described by various artists and different written works. Joachim, 2005) Odysseus early life When Odysseus was a little youngster, he showed on his ability; his principle affectionate was arrow based weaponry and was exceeding expectations on it. Youthful Odysseus was attached to chasing with his canine, Argos, he was unable to quit doing what he loved regardless of the difficulties model is the point at which he was gutted by a bear and left a scar on his thigh. The scar was a lifetime mark that would help his old medical caretaker Eurycleia when he came back from his wonderings. He was know to mind less about the appearance, a few people went far as saying that he had bandy-legged, yet when he started talking, he was relentless. His cunning carried him closer to goddess Athena; he turned into his defender at troy and later on the ocean. Odysseus got one of the first admirers of Helen of troy. He came charm her in Sparta for it was anticipated from him however his primary intrigue was in her cousin Penelope. To stay away from debate among the admirers that were keen on Helen, Odysseus recommended to her dad to assist him with winning Penelope, Helen’s cousin, her dad dreaded the inclination of one admirer. Odysseus recommended to Tyndareus to correct a promise to all admirers that they will shield the supported admirer and secure his marriage against anything incorrectly that might be done to him. Helen wedded Menelaus of the reviled horse. Icarius of Lacedaemon, the Penelope’s father, offered his little girl to Odysseus, the man who crushed him in foot race. Penelope’s father, the old ruler of Lacedaemon was attempting to make the recently married couples to remain in Lacedaemon yet Odysseus won't and set for Ithaca. After much demanding, Odysseus needed to bade to his better half either to move with him or come back to her dad. Penelope didn't react yet rather she secured her face which was an unmistakable sign that she wished to move with her better half, this was a reasonable demonstrate of her astuteness and wily as her significant other. Martin, 2007) On appearance in Ithaca, Odysseus needed to manufacture another royal residence for him and his new lady of the hour. The couple got a child, it didn't take some time before the news came to them that Paris had run off Helen. After the Paris stole Helen, her dad summoned a promise of Tyndareus, Odysseus would not make great out of it. He professed to be distraught just to confirmation his mental stability after he abstained from hitting a kid. (Kayakas, 1988) Odysseus character Odysseus is depicted as a saint because of his finesse knowledge. The utilization of misleading discourse portrays him well and is very much showed in his character attributes as a friend of Zeus in counsel. His masking character takes structure adjusting his appearance and verbal, this might be found in the occasion when he blinded Cyclops when he disclosed to him that his name was no one the figured out how to escape after blinding Polyphemus. When polyphemuss was shouting and Cyclops asks him for what valid reason he was doing that, he said that no one is harming him, each one (Cyclopes) thought nobody was harming him and might be he was enduring in the hands of undying Zeus. As indicated by Odyssey of Homer, it is obvious that Odysseus was haughty and pleased, as he cruised away from the Cyclops’s island, he gloated as he yelled his name saying that nobody rout him ‘great Odysseus’. The Cyclopes were not content with him and the tossed harsh words to him as he tells his dad that Odysseus blinded him which chafed Poseidon and made the god revile Odysseus home coming and deferred for quite a while. (Rodney, 2006) Odysseus occasions Odysseus occasions are described and given from the center of the plot; this has been done through flashbacks and narrating. The later creators have done this through impersonation, instances of these creators are Virgil and Aeneid, the cutting edge writers were not abandoned, for example, Pope Alexander in the false epic, mock-brave likewise usually known as ‘the assault of the rock’. From the start we discover Odysseus attempting to state control on the family unit and later at Athena’s exhortation while in scan for news concerning his lost dads. Odysseus was a hostage for quite a while of the excellent sprite Calypso who he had gone through with his seven years of his lost ten years. (Karykas, 2003) After his discharge by intervention of his patroness Athena, he leaves and his pontoon was annihilated by his known adversary Poseidon who was tremendously irritated on the grounds that Odysseus had blinded Polyphemus his child. Odysseus cleaned up Scherie, which was the home to Phaeacians and is helped by Nausicaa who treats him with extraordinary hospitability. At the point when he returned he described about his experiences since he left troy to Phaeacians and the pioneer of his undertakings fulfilling their interest. This blaze back stretches out back to where Odysseus stands and his story told. Odysseus got a boat through credit from shipbuilding Phaeacians to come back to Ithaca, he is helped by pig hearder Emaeus to meet Telemachus, in the process he got back his home hold and figured out how to murder the admirers and afterward he had the option to rejoin with his unwavering Penelope, his better half. Odyssey is separated into 24 books in every single present day release and interpretations. The message contained there in is persuading however not unique, Alexandrian editors built up this by third century BC. Through the period, the books have been given various titles. Barry, 2006) Odysseus and culture Different societies have ascended in worry of Odysseus; a portion of the way of life portray him as a legend and others as a reprobate. Odysseus was administering the Cephallenians, this were the individuals who were harping on the islands that was on the northwest shore of Greece. His castle was on the rough island of Ithaca, contrasted with other Greek rulers that were battling at troy; he was not as rich as them however he was carrying on with an agreeable life. (Malcom, 2000) Trojan War As indicated by fantasies of Greek, the Trojan war was war that was Achaeans against the city of troy after Helen was taken by troy of Paris from her significant other Menelaus who was the King of Sparta. Trojan War was among the most significant occasions that occurred in the Greek folklore which was described by numerous and various works of Greek writing that incorporated the Iliad, Homer and the Odyssey. Trojan War accepted to have started from a fight between the Aphrodite, Athena and Hera goddesses after the Eris, goddess of difficulty and strife offered them a brilliant apple, and this is likewise alluded to as apple of disunity that was set apart to be the most attractive. At the point when the goddess went to Paris and judged that Aphrodite as the most attractive and ought to be the one to get the apple. In return apple, Aphrodite made Helen to be the most wonderful lady and become hopelessly enamored with Paris who might take her to troy. Achaeans despoiled sanctuaries and they butchered Trojans, they got the fury of gods’, just not many of the Achaeans got back securely while others discovered provinces in better places in the shores. The Romans were driven by one of the enduring Trojan to their inception, Italy. Wood, 1998) Odyssey depicts the Odysseus venture home. He was among the Achaean chiefs. Different pieces of the war have been described by pattern of epic sonnets, however has made due in sections. The war scenes were significant for they given materials to the Greek writing and for the Roman artists like Ovid and Virgil. Odysseus had battled for over ten years in the Trojan War before he thought of the possibility of wooden pony. Th is was plausible the motivation behind why wily or shrewd was connected to his name. Odysseus caused one more decade in transit before showing up home in the wake of blinding Poseidon’s Cyclops child that carried an anger to him. This deferred him to show up in time so this spreads him and his groups return approach to Ithaca from Trojan War. (Jonathan, 2004) Dilemma of Odyssey Though the old Greeks extraordinary epic sonnets were ascribed to the befuddling figure of homer, very little is thought about him and the commitment of odyssey past his name being joined to the sonnets. There is some uncertainty whether homer was the genuine creator of Odyssey and Iliad. Homer assumed an essential job in molding the ace work, much is said about the likelihood of his commitment, in the event that he is the genuine creator, he should be an incredible writing craftsman. Odysseys are the most persuasive sonnets; Odysseus legends are utilized in the Greek training and culture all through the age and have shaped a spine of human instruction from the hour of Roman Empire and spread of Christianity. The interpretation of odysseys have welcomed an effect on Renaissance culture of Italy, this have helped in framing European custom. The sonnets are of some utilization in deciding when Homer and Odysseus lived, this provides some insight that make it simple to expect that they lived around eighth century, The Odyssey may have a place nearer with this period. The difficulty behind this is odysseys were oral; this was to be gone through ages till the hour of composing.

4 Simple Steps to Writing the Perfect Illinois Essay

4 Simple Steps to Writing the Perfect Illinois Essay To start, lets debunk a popular myth: the perfect essay. Its not real. It cant be, because otherwise wed already havethe essay and there would be no reason to write any more of them! Were not asking for the perfect essay; were asking for an essay that best answers our prompt as it relates to you. This should hopefully alleviate any anxiety you may be feeling, because guess what? Youre an expert on you!If youre still apprehensive, though, lets take a look at the steps you can take to write a strong Illinois admissions essay. Step 1: Brainstorm. Now that youre ready to write, how do you start? How do you begin to compress your experiences into 400 words to best convey your passion? It all starts with brainstorming. Think about the question at the surface: Why do you love your intended major? How do you know? What have you done to demonstrate that love? Now dig a little deeper. What experience first sparked your interest? What memory pulls you back and makes you think, This is what I want to do all the time?Really look to yourself and your past experiences, because those are the memories that make you who you are, and those are the words that will make you memorable. Write all of your thoughts down on paper, see the connections youve made between your life and your major, and choose what stands out most. If youre having trouble thinking of ideas, dont be afraid to follow a tangent. You never know, even the smallest moment could be a winner. Step 2: Plan it out. Now that you have an idea, it’s time to structure it. Make sure you have a unified thought: You want to make a point, not just put a bunch of thoughts on paper. Pinpoint your message and start your outline. It’s a short essay, so you need to be clear. Start with one sentence to pull the reader into the essay. If it helps, think of this intro as one of those musical numbers that begins a flashback in a movie. Next, outline your main points. As youre outlining these points, make sure you continue to answer the prompt. This essay isnt just about you; its about the you whos interested in a certain major. So its important to focus on that part of you, including any related classroom experiences, extracurriculars, job shadowing, volunteering, or part-time or summer jobs. Finally, think of a closing sentence to tie your essay together. Although it can be similar, this shouldn’t be the same as your first sentence. Step 3: Make it you-tiful. After you’ve planned out your first sentence, last sentence, and main points, it’s time to write your essay! (Its also probably time for us to remind you to write your own essay. No one knows you better than you, and counselors can tell when someones essay has been written by someone else.) This isnt your traditional introduction-three-body-paragraphs-conclusion-type essay. Remember, its short, sweet, and focused on you. When you begin writing, every word counts; theres no need for background information or a rendition of your high school transcript. Stay true to you and what you’ve planned out. Bottom line, tell your story. Write about your passion and connect it to your experiences. A personal anecdote about the time you built a robotic fish or felt empowered at a spoken-word open mic is engaging and memorable, exciting, and unique to you. Step 4: Take one last look. Although this step is often overlooked, its often where a good essay becomes great. When youre done writing your essay, step away for awhile and come back to it with fresh eyes. Now reread it from start to finish to ensure that your writing flows well, youve cut out the fluff, youre using active verbs, and no grammatical errors exist. Then have someone elseâ€"perhaps a parent or your favorite teacherâ€"proofread it and offer their feedback, too. Any mistakes may put a stop in an otherwise flowing, engaging story. This is your chance to catch them. Its also your chance to tighten things up and add any finishing touches (like the cherry on top of that ice cream sundae you totally deserve after you hit save one last time!). We hope these tips help you as youre crafting your Illinois essay. Remember, it doesnt have to be perfect; it just needs to relate to you. We cant wait to read what you come up with! applying college planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

Should Marijuana Be Medicine - 1888 Words

Marijuana as Medicine: Does the use of medical marijuana have enough benefits to be considered a therapeutic controlled substance like other prescription drugs? Kristina Webb NSP 4503 UL: Scientific Controversies Prof. Alan Oberley Final Project: Final Draft Due 9 December 2016 Should Marijuana Be Medicine? Does the use of medicinal marijuana have enough benefits to be considered a therapeutic controlled substance like other prescription drugs? Cannabis setiva, has many nicknames, but most people know it as marijuana. Cannabis s. is a plant thought to have originated in Central Asia but in this day and age, it is grown all over the world. The marijuana plant, when extracted in resin-form, produces cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are the active chemicals in marijuana that cause a physical response when a person uses it. These chemicals act on a person’s nervous and immune systems. The most commonly known cannabinoid in Cannabis s. is delta-9-THC. Two other active cannabinoids are different forms of cannabidiol (CBD), known as CBD1 and CBD2. According to information on http://www.cancer.gov, cannabidiol products have long been used for their â€Å"potential to relieve pain and lower inflammation without causing the ‘high’ of delta-9-THC†. (Cannabis and Cannabinoids, 2016) Regardless of someone’s personal stance, for people in the United States, it has not been shown an easy task to prove marijuana has enough medical benefits to be considered a therapeutic controlledShow MoreRelatedEssay about Marijuana As Medicine Should Be Allowed547 Words   |  3 PagesThe legalization of marijuana as a prescription drug should be allowed. Medical research shows that marijuana has therapeutic value in patients with various types of cancers, some neurological disorders, and AIDS patients. The marijuana eases some of the effects of chemotherapy such as nausea and dizziness. It also controls muscle spasms and contractions and aids in the relaxation of patients with neurological disorders. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many researchers and administrations ofRead MoreMarijuana Should be a Medical Option! Essay examples1297 Words   |  6 PagesMedical Marijuana Why keep those pricey bottles and boxes of drugs in our medicine cabinets which are worthless? New research suggests that marijuana is a medicine. This is a concern which should be addressed for the citizens of United States who have to fight for their medicine to feel better and ease their illness. This is why marijuana should be a medical option! Marijuana is a natural herbal plant which is often called pot, weed, MMJ, cannabis, bubble gum, green goddess and there are severalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesRecently doctors have prescribed marijuana, and â€Å"the Clinton administration threatened to prosecute doctors who prescribe marijuana,† (Gonnerman 40). 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Many people consider that prescription for medical marijuana as a moral sin or something that should be given to help the patients to improve his/her bad condition. As a majority of people and federal consider prescription for medical marijuana is immoral and it is restricted in many states including Texas. In the section on liberty, John StuartRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized1014 Words   |  5 Pagesreason that marijuana should be legal is that there is no good reason for it not to be legal. Some people ask why should marijuana be legalized? but we should ask Why should marijuana be illegal? From a philosophical point of view, individuals deserve the right to make choices for themselves. The government only has a right to limit those choices if the individuals actions endanger someone else. This does not apply to marijuana, since the individual who chooses to use marijuana does so accordingRead MorePersuasive Essay: Legalizing Marijuana965 Words   |  4 PagesPaper 3: Persuasive â€Å"Advantages of Legalizing Marijuana† Advantages of Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana use is on the rise, especially among teenagers and young adults. With the recent laws passed in eight states about legalizing medical marijuana , many stand divided when it comes to this never ending debate, but I firmly believe that this miracle working drug should be legalized throughout the United States. Marijuana is by far the most commonly used illegal drug.Read MoreMedicinal Marijuana Should Be Decriminalized Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates over the topic of the decriminalization of marijuana have been a great controversy among politicians. Some politicians believe that marijuana for the use of medicine should be outlawed. As Congressman Bob Barr in his debate with radio talk show host Neil Boortz on May 14, 2002, stated, quot;There is no legitimate medical use whatsoever for marijuana. This [marijuana] is not medicine. This is bogus witchcraft. It has no place in medicine, no place in pain relief, and it has no place aroundRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana1605 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous scientists in the United States known as Carl Sagan. Marijuana has been one of the most debated topics in the media today, and numerous years before. Altogether, this debate has raised many questions, yet with very few answers of whether the legalization of marijuana shoul d be passed, and expressed throughout the nation as a whole. The fight for legalizing marijuana has embraced itself to see success. The legalization of marijuana is essential in society today for three reasons: failed prohibition

Erin Brokovich (2000) Movie Review - 667 Words

ERIN BROKOVICH (2000) Movie Review The story started when Erin (Julia Roberts), after an unsuccessful interview, got into a car accident. With that incident, she sought help of a lawyer. That’s when he met Ed (Albert Finney). Erin filed a personal injury case against a doctor, but she failed in the case and that left her even broke than before. Add to it her twice-divorced jobless status. She looked for a job and then she ended up as a clerk of her lawyer. While in a firm, she saw these real properties accompanied with medical records. These caught her attention, and made further investigations. One of the evidence she discovered is the main reason for the Hinkley, California residents’ numerous cases of serious illness, the Hexavalent†¦show more content†¦(Article 1161) Why did PGamp;E loss because accountability? Polluting the underground water supply in Hinkley was a quasi-delict. At first, there was no pre-existing contractual relation between the corporati on and the residents when they detected that the hexavalent chromium is already contaminating their water. (Article 1162) It is negligence at first and of course it causes damage. (Article 1172) What causes fraud here in this case is that the corporation lied to the residents, telling them that the chromium that is in their water supply was not harmful but rather beneficial. And to make the residents believe with their alibis, the company provides connived doctors for their medical expenses. (Article 1170) Erin received $2 million as for doing her job, dedicating her time and effort to this case, given by her partner lawyer Ed. This is an example of retroactive effects of suspensive condition. Ed would give just compensation in monetary value the efforts done by Erin if they won the case. (Article 1187) In order to fully budgetized this case, Ed resorted to accept the help of another firm. Erin at first disapproves to this step because she does not want anybody to interfere or use t his case which she has gave a lot of sweat but she has no choice since it is already been decided without her consent. Anyway it involves resolutory condition’s effect upon its ulfilment. The firm who helped

Analyse and Discuss the Merits and Best Use Free Essays

Analyse and discuss the merits and best use of management skills Throughout the essay I hope to be able to interpret the management skills that are essential in today’s working environment. I will also hope to explain my own positive and negative experiences I have come across throughout my working career. The main areas I will cover in this essay on management skills are Leadership, Teamwork, Partnership, Networking, Delegation and Negotiation. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyse and Discuss the Merits and Best Use or any similar topic only for you Order Now We all want to be the best manager we can be, whether it is for your business, small project or social event or to meet targets in your workplace. Unfortunately most people have experienced bad managers or at least bad management skills in your work or personal life. The benefits of being a very good manager is that you have a productive and happy workforce or team enabling you to achieve great results and for team members feel valued and feel they are making worthwhile contribution to the project and to themselves. Agha Hasan Abedi quotes â€Å"The conventional definition of management is getting the work done through people, but real management is developing people through work† So how do you enable the people to achieve the best for your team? One way is to have excellent leadership skills, so a manager can lead a team to success, whether that would be one section of a project or being able to hit all the targets, to give the company financial benefits. An excellent leader would be a manager that could lead by example, showing their team that they can work hard, put the effort in, are not shunning the menial and difficult work and are willing to â€Å"get their hands dirty† with the team to create success. A leader also has to be the person viewing the team analytically. . e. looking in on the team so that they have the knowledge of their team’s positive and negative points, so they can utilise the person with the right skills for the right task and to train the staff to enable someone or everyone to achieve their goal and the teams overall accomplishment. I once worked for the Welsh Assembly in the data capture department for the farming subsidies; I had one main and three deputy managers and worked with bet ween fifty and sixty temporary agency and assembly staff. The managers never once talked individually to their staff to see what their experience was or what their needs were to be able to give the right procedure or training to the right person. Everyone was grouped together and was told to get on with it. This meant that regularly we would have to go over work already done as there were so many mistakes and the quality of the project was put in jeopardy. The end result was that the farmers were often paid very late for land they did not own for farms that did not exist. The Welsh Assembly did pay one farmer over ? 40,000 for farm land that was situated in the North Sea! Just by talking and listening to their staff, working beside them and finding the right person for the job, a lot of time and money and reputations could have been saved. Teamwork – no goals can be achieved or positive results gained for a project without co-workers, subordinates or friends working effectively together. For any group of people to work together effectively there must be someone who will stand as the manager of the team; so they can lead the team into working as a whole to achieve success; someone who can address any problems and help to find a solution ensuring everyone feels positive in their role in the team. As a manager of a team you need to be able to set the direction, provide guidance and support, co-ordinate the teams’ activities, ensure that each team member plays his or hers part, promote the learning and development of team members, consult the team on issues affecting its work and in conjunction with team members, monitor, and review team performance. If all this can be achieved a manager can lead their team to success time and time again. Striving to gain larger profits, market share or to outmanoeuvre business competitors requires capitalizing on highly effective partnerships either internally within a field or business or externally to start collaboration from an assisting field. Partnerships can also ensure the business or project has the capabilities to support it and can evolve initiatives. The strategy of connectivity to other people and entities is now crucial for innovation and overall success. â€Å"Businesses today must propagate connections that provide resources they don’t possess in house and enable them to move quickly to profit. states Mr Stephen Dent from Partnership Continuum. Smart partnerships win not only because of what they do but, even more importantly, from how they do it. They win from leveraging their connectedness and from valuing the building of relationship skills. Partnerships can produce astonishing results—but only when information flows freely, people trust each other, a nd are loyal to each other and their mutual success. Managers and people can get things done by networking. Networks are organized connections between people with shared interests when they exchange information, enlist support and create alliances getting agreement with others on a course of action and joining forces to make it happen. It is an essential way of getting things done in organizations – it ensures that the informal organization works. They exist to meet a need and can be dispersed if that need no longer exists, only to be reformed when it reappears. Networks may just consist of people with similar aims or interests who communicate with one another or get together as required. To start networking you have to identify people who may be able to help, seize any opportunity that presents itself to get to know people who may be useful, have a clear idea of why you want to network – to share knowledge, to persuade people to accept your proposal or point of view, or to form an alliance. You have also got to know what you can contribute – networking is not simply about enlisting support, it is just as much if not more concerned with developing knowledge and understanding and joining forces with like-minded people so that concerted effort can be deployed to get things done. Ask people if you can help them as well as asking people to help you. Operate informally but be prepared to call formal meetings when necessary to reach agreement and plan action. Make an effort to keep in touch with people. Networks are sometimes set up formally in organizations, for example the ‘communities of interest’ that are created to exchange and share knowledge and experience. Networks can also exist outside the business. Again, they may consist of like-minded individuals exchanging information and meeting informally, or they may be set up formally with regular meetings and newsletters. But however you make a network they are very useful, especially in these changing times. When I was working in the medical recruitment field for Lifeline locums I began networking when I realised that the business needed more market share of the Welsh NHS positions and to increase the amount Private/NHS general practitioners we could locum. I joined a lot f medical recruitment committees and medical business networks to try and get to the right people who could introduce me to persons who could help the company win business inside the confines of the NHS. I was also informed of a number of NHS tenders to provide locums for certain hospitals that I believe won through networking. This raised the company’s profits fourfold and ensured I had a healthy bonus for the years to come. Even 8 years on I am still in touch with many of the people I made connections with then. The art of delegation is a precise one that requires time and forethought, time to build a strategy, team member development and realism. Every manager is as good as their team around them and as a manager it is impossible to try and do everything yourself, whether it is because you are afraid of giving over some of the control or that you cannot trust other team members to do the work as well as you, sooner or later you will have to be able to delegate to someone. Delegation can feel like more work and more hassle than it’s worth, however if you can delegate effectively, it is possible to hugely expand the amount of work that can be completed. When you arrange the workload so that you are working on the tasks that have the highest priority for you, and other people are working on meaningful and challenging assignments, everyone is happier. To delegate effectively, choose the right tasks to delegate, identify the right people to delegate to, and then be available if required. When I was working in America I used a template like this to be able to make a logical step before I made the decision about whom I could delegate to, this also helped study what types of skills I would need. I could then try to find the best match I had within my team or what was needed to develop them to be able to complete it successfully. Although in my case this template, was normally scratched onto one of my paper food sacks from the fruit company I owned in Colorado. Delegation template| Skill/ Ability | Specific Task or Objective| Measures| Agreed(is it? | Realistic(is it? )| Timings(start/finishdates)| Actions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth, for the purpose of reaching a joint agreement about differing needs or ideas. It is a collection of behaviours that involves communication, sales, marketing, psychology, sociology, assertiveness and conflict resolution. A negotiator may be a buyer or seller, a customer or supplier, a boss or employee, a business partner. It is a process of interaction by which two or more parties who consider that they need to be jointly involved in an outcome but who initially have different objectives, seek by the use of argument and persuasion to resolve their difference in order to achieve a mutually acceptable solution. Another important consideration is that negotiation implies acceptance by both parties that agreement between them is required before a decision can be implemented. In an ideal situation, you will find that the other person wants what you are prepared to trade, and that you are prepared to give what the other person wants. Depending on the scale of the disagreement, some preparation may be appropriate for conducting a successful negotiation. For small disagreements, excessive preparation can be counter-productive because it takes time that is better used elsewhere. It can also be seen as manipulative because, just as it strengthens your position, it can weaken the other person’s. So, in conclusion to ensure that you become an effective manager and have the right skills to be able to steer your team to success you will undoubtedly have to work hard, find out about the people who are working with you and develop a trusting relationship together. But that is not all; you will need to show you can work hard with them and for them, see what they can do with and without you. See what you could do to develop your team around you and every once in a while take a step back every now and then to see the bigger picture about you and your team. Even within these management skills you have to remember to look outside your team or company and see if there are benefits in creating a network from similar fields or departments that could help strengthen your abilities. Also look out for partnerships that could develop mutual benefits. I hope this has explained the benefits of management skills and this has helped you to understand the examples of my previous working life. But I hope above all, that you remember to always stand tall and proud and be happy in your work. If you believe in yourself, others will to. | | | References Armstrong, A (2008) How to manage people. London. Kogan page limited Buckingham, M (2007) Go Put Your Strengths to Work: 6 Powerful Steps to Achieve Outstanding Performance. London (for Agha Hasan Abedi quote) Cole, G. A. (2004) Management – theory and Practice – Sixth Edition. London, South Western CENAGE learning Chapman, A. 2006-2011) Delegation (online) Business Balls http://www. businessballs. com/delegation. htm [accessed 12th December 2012) Dent, S. M. (2006) Partnership Relationship Management- Implementing a Plan for Success (online) Partnership Continuum, www. partneringintelligence. com (accessed 2nd Jan 2012) â€Å"Myopendraft† (2009) Management Skills †“ Networking (online) www. myopendraft. blogspot. com/2009 (accessed 2nd Jan 2012) Shah, K Prof. Shah, P. J Date unknown Negotiating Skills (online) Available from http://www. laynetworks. com/Negotiating-Skills. html [accessed 14th Jan 2012) | | How to cite Analyse and Discuss the Merits and Best Use, Essay examples

Employee Motivation Performance of Individuals

Question: Discuss about the Employee Motivation Performance of Individuals . Answer: Introduction: Employees are always looking for the best-paying jobs in their career. Individuals who are not satisfied with the salary they are paid with their employers always look for alternative job opportunities in competitive organizations that offer a better salary. Employees who are not contented with their salary are less motivated and delivers poor performance in their Job description. Money motivates individuals. This fact plays a prominent role for the organization management team to develop effective employee motivation strategies. Money and other financial services such as the provision of healthcare services and bonuses are the best employee motivation schemes that improves productivity and performance of employees in their workstations. Employee satisfaction increases the productivity and performance on a departmental level. Employees can be motivated by other financial services that include, promotion, provision of access to healthcare services, provision of bonuses and paid vacati on leave. Employee motivation gives individuals a sense of belonging to a company and creates a home away from home feeling for employees which intern generate profits to the company through the increase of productivity and performance in all departments within organizations. Theoretical framework of motivation in organization The three major theories that explain strategic plan of employee motivation in organizations are, McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory, Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Mc Gregor's Theory of X Theory Y.( Mind Tools 2015). Mc McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory can also be called the three needs theory. This theory focuses on the Acquired, motivation and learned needs as motivational factors of motivating employees. Individuals are motivated by different needs. Some appreciate being motivated in presence of crowds while others prefer being motivated privately. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory explain that the most effective employee motivation strategy relies on feedback from the employees regarding challenges they face at work and also possible financial strains that distract them from performing well at work. The Theory of needs was developed by Abraham Maslow. This theory explains that the best monetary and financial motivations are offered depending on employees social, physical, cultural and financial need. Employees social, physical and cultural needs can be classified into safety needs, physiological needs, need for belonging, self-acquisition and self-esteem needs. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory is a learned theory and it involves engagement of the management team to communicate with its employees to identify their special needs thus, making effective employee motivation decisions to empower unmotivated individuals in companies and organizations. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory explains that regardless of employees age, culture or gender, individuals have one key dominant motivation driver. Key motivational driver depends on the life experience and culture of employees. The major dominants factors that affect employee motivation are achievements at work, affiliation, and influence of power. Some employees will be motivated when they achieve or accomplish challenging goals in the organization. Such employees should be rewarded using monetary and other financial rewards to enable them to maintain consistency in generating excellent performance at their workstations. Other employees get motivated when they are shown a sense of belonging. The management team can show their employees a sense of belonging by giving them good health care plan and by creating a safe working environment for their employees. (Yurtseven, G. 2012). In some instances, employees are motivated when they are given the power to influence and contro l others. The management team can promote the best performing employees to superior levels when there is a need to conduct internal appraisals as a motivational factor to encourage the best-performing employees to continue working hard towards achieving the organization goals and targets. Goal setting theory of motivation Effective goal setting theory was developed in 1979 by Stephen Murry. The theory explains that performance and motivation are effective when the management team develops competitive goals to its employees. (Goddy, I. (2014). Difficult goals push employees to their best abilities and results to positive returns in productivity of a company. Goal setting theory also explains that simple/ easily achievable goals make employees reluctant and in most situation, does not yield great performances as compared to challenging organizational goals. When goals are achieved, employees deserve monetary or other financial motivations to reenergize their efforts. Equity theory explains the perception of employees on how they are treated compared to other employees. Employees tend to discuss their salary, bonuses and other financial compensation when they are off duty with their colleagues. Equity theory explains that effective employee motivation should be done depending on factors such as education qualification, experience, and efforts of employees towards achieving organizational goals. Goddy, I. (2014). In any instance an employee might raise a concern about getting an inequitable reward, the management team is expected to revise their monetary or financial rewards offers to such distinct employees. Individuals who are satisfied with the equitable rewards they receive at work are in a position to give outstanding performance in productivity as oppose to employees who are affected with less profitable inequitable rewards. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory was developed by Abraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow theory explained that employees need to be motivated depending on the lowest to the highest position they occupy in an organization.( McLeod, S. 2007). This theory covers; physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-fulfillment/ actualization respectively. Physiological, safety, social and esteem are referred to as the D-needs (deficiency needs). The D- needs keep the employees moving towards achieving short-term organizational goals and they highly affect the weekly and monthly target. Self-fulfillment/ actualization is also known as the growth need. The growth need determines if an employee will work for an organization for a long time or the employee will look for a better job opportunity in an alternative organization that offers better and attractive salary. Employers are advised to use effective employee monetary motivation strategies to maintain and sustain competitive employees in their organi zations. By embracing effective monetary and other financial rewards as key employment motivation strategy, employees are likely to improve their productivity in performance and deliver outstanding services in their workstations. Mc Gregor's Theory of X and Theory Y The theory of X and Y assumption depends on the hypothesis of human responsiveness towards instructions and eventually motivation from the management team. (McLeod, S. 2007). Theory X assumes that humans have inherited dislike of work. In most instances, they will avoid working and lazy around at work. The management team is expected to set tight goals and issue threats when goals are not achieved. However, when targeted goals are achieved in theory X, employees deserves to be rewarded for their efforts by the embrace of monetary and other financial motivational rewards. Theory Y of assumption explains that employees are likely to perform better when they are threatened in any instance they record poor performance to achieving an organizational goal. Employees embrace self-directions when they are given pressure to achieve organizational goals. When targets are achieved using this strategy, monetary and other financial rewards are used to appreciate the efforts of the employees towards achieving organizational goals. Behavioral Organizational Theories Behavioral organizational theory affecting monetary and other financial motivational rewards depend on scientific leadership, human relation approach, Decision-Making Approach and system approach. Scientific leadership strategy concentrates on the influence of an organizational management team to create competitive JD (Job Description) to enable employees to deliver outstanding performance at work. In this strategy, the management team recruits the most competitive employees to work on a given job description. Ones a competent Job description is created for employees, the management team studies the basic needs of specific employees and create best salary compensation to motivate the recruited employees. Human relation approach is a strategy developed to increase employee work performance by rewarding them depending on their financial needs. This strategy of motivating employees is used after the first rewards is given to a well-performing individual. During the first appraisal, the management team discusses financial objectives of a specific employee being motivated. Ones the management team has an idea of what the employees are expecting in return for their loyalty to the company, the management team sets goals for employees in their respective departments. When goals and objectives are achieved by a particular individual, the management team offers monetary and other financial motivation rewards to the employees as discussed in the meeting after their first appraisal. This strategy shows employees a sense of belonging to the organization and improves productivity and performance of the motivated employees. Decision-making approach is a self-accessed strategy developed by the management team to enable employees to embrace their IQ level in solving issues that arise in their departments of work. (Mind Tools (2015). Employees have the obligation to make effective decisions to increase productivity in their workstation. Effective decision-making practices can be enhanced through training of employees. The management team is expected to pay for training of their employees to empower them on becoming effective leaders in the company. This factor not only motivates employees but also improves specialization in generating high-quality performance of employees in their workstation. System approach strategy of employee motivation measures the input of the employee during their shifts and the output of the employees regarding services offered during their working hours. Employees daily, weekly, monthly and annual performance are recorded in their respective time process form and then updated in the ERP. In any instances when employees record high output compared to the input of their time, the management team is expected to offer such great performing individuals monetary or other financial rewards as a sign of appreciation of their hard work towards achieving organizational goals. Employee motivation enables the hardworking employees to embrace consistency in performance at the workstations. Potential organizational problem situations and proactive managerial interventions There are five main organizational problems that affect employee motivation. They are Low Self-Confidence, Low Expectations for Success, and lack of Interest in Subject Matter, Achievement Anxiety and Fear of Failure. (Nordmeyer, B. 2017). Low Self-Confidence Confidence is the key towards delivering outstanding performance to achieve organizational goals. Lack of confidence results to the poor performance of employees at their workstation. Great confidence enables individuals to be motivated and complete tasks assigned to their job description. Lack of confidence makes employees waste time and spend more time to complete a simple task. Confidence at work can be built by training employees on how to deliver quality performance at their workstation. It is the responsibility of the management team to organize staff training seminars to enlighten employees on how they can improve their ethical understanding and performance while working on their job description. Low Expectations for Success Low expectation of success affects the morale of the employee and has a negative impact towards achievements of targets and goals. Employees develop a low expectation of work through cultural inheritance when they are discouraged by unmotivated or jealous employees who do not see growth opportunities in their work. It is the responsibility of the management team to ensure that all employees are motivated to reduce instances when unmotivated employees might influence motivated employees with negative energy that might affect productivity and realization of organization goals. Lack of Interest in Subject Matter Lack of interest to responsibilities assigned to an employees job description can lead to waste of time and resources of the organization. In most instances, the employers employ employees and assign them a job description without discussing the duties that they are expected to perform in their respective departments. In such instances, the employees develop low self-confidence in their work and do not perform to the best of their ability. It is the responsibility of the management team to analyze why employees might not be performing well in their respective workstation and motivate them by offering paid training to enable them to handle duties listed in their JD that they are not well conversant to handle. When such employees improve their performance, a salary appraisal is recommendable to encourage them to maintain delivering good performance at work. Achievement Anxiety Employees anxiety affects the performance of productivity. In most organization, employee anxiety is created by the management team when they give heavy punishment to their employees who fail to achieve targets and goals of the company. Employee anxiety can also be developed when employees receive negative feedback which might demotivate them and distract them from improving on their weaknesses at work. It is the responsibility of the management team to identify strengths and weaknesses of employees and motivate them when they perform well in their workstation. In any instance they record poor performance at work, the management team is expected to study a root course analysis of the problem and create a strategy to strengthen the weaknesses of individuals to improve their productivity in performance at work. Fear of Failure Most employees develop a fear of failure attitude towards achieving organizational goals after receiving their first motivational reward. It is the role of the management team to develop achievable strategic goals that enable employees to be motivated and focus on accomplishing organizational targets. Individuals might develop a fear of being demoted after getting an appraisal when they fail to meet organizational goals developed by the management team. The management team is expected to develop better punishment for employees in such distinct scenarios to prevent social embracement. Social embarrassment can make an employee quit work. Comparison and critique regarding developments in organizational behavior Employee motivation using money and other financial services is one of the most effective strategies to increase the moral of employees to offer outstanding services at their departments. However, in order to establish the most effective employee motivational practices, the management team needs to analyze the financial background of a particular employee, identify their unique desires and use that information to develop the most effective strategy to motivate individuals. Failure to study employees financial background might lead to ineffective employee motivation which might intern have a low impact on the performance of the employed staff team. Nevertheless, because human beings are different from one another in terms of needs, culture, religion etc. so does what motivate them also varies. Some employees are motivated by financial and other incentives and some on financial incentives. (Goddy, I. 2014). Conclusion From the essay above, we have learned that employment motivation is the key factor that supports organizational growth. Financial and monetary motivation is an ideal employment motivation factor that triggers individuals commitment to work on duties assigned to their job description. An influential management team builds strong employer to employee relationship that enables the employer to understand the financial needs of employees. Solving employees financial needs makes them feel appreciated and increases the commitment of employees towards achieving organizational goal. Reference Dobre, I., (2013). Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance. ISSN: 2247-6172; ISSN-L: 2247-6172., Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research. (Volume 5, Issue 1/ 2013), pp. 53 Yurtseven, G., (2012). Importance of the motivational factors affecting employees satisfaction. International Business Research Vol. 5, No. 1. Goddy, I. (2014)., Monetary incentives motivates employees on organizational Performance. Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.2, No.7, pp.61-69. Smith, W. (2017)., Behavioral Organizational Theories. (Online) Retrieved From: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/behavioral-organizational-theories-4963.html Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Mind Tools (2015)., McClellands Human Motivation Theory: Discovering What Drives Members Of Your Team. (Online) Retrieved From: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/human-motivation-theory.htm Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. McLeod, S. (2007)., Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. (Online) Retrieved From: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Hornstein, H. (2008)., Using a change management approach to implement it programs. (Online). Retrieved From: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/using-a-change-management-approach-to-implement-it-programs/ Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Nordmeyer, B. (2017)., Top Five Employee Motivation Problems. (Online) Retrieved From: https://work.chron.com/top-five-employee-motivation-problems-22613.html Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Jerome, N. (2013)., Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 801X. Nolan C., Gregory R., AND Karen S. (2009). Responding to workplace romance: a proactive and pragmatic approach. The Journal of Business Inquiry 2009, 8, 1, http//www.uvu.edu/woodbury/jbi/articles 100-119. Brian, Tom. J, (2014)., Strategic Issues Management and Economic Impact Analysis: The Case Of Central State University. Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics Volume 5. Balaji, R., (2014)., Issues and challenges faced by Hr. managers in employee engagement in it sectors. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 6.

Autocorrelation (Econometrics)

Autocorrelation (Econometrics) Free Online Research Papers Autocorrelation can be defined as correlation between the variables of some observations at different points of time if it is about a â€Å" time series data†, or it will be correlation between the variables of some observations at different space if it is about â€Å" cross sectional data†. The classical linear regression model (CLRM) according to the regression context does not exist in the error (ui) this can be written in this form E(uiuj) = 0 i ? j The classical model have an assumption saying that the disturbance of a certain observation does not change or be effected from the disturbances of any other observations, but if the equation was like this: E(uiuj) ? 0 i ? j then in this case the disturbance in a certain observation can be affected by the disturbance in other observations. When the autocorrelation is calculated, the number that results can fall between +1 and -1. When the result is autocorrelation of +1 this means that perfect positive correlation which explains that an increase that happens in one time series will result an increase proportional to the other time series, while if the result was -1 this means that perfect negative correlation occurs and this explains that if an increase happened in one time series the results will be proportionate decrease in the other time series. This type of value can be used in a useful way for computing for security analysis. For example, â€Å"if you know a stock historically has a high positive autocorrelation value and you witnessed the stock making solid gains over the past several days, you might reasonably expect the movements over the upcoming several days (the leading time series) to match those of the lagging time series and to move upwards.† There are some consequences if we used OLS while the presence of autocorrelation, the estimators of the OLS will be still linear unbiased as well as â€Å" consistent† and â€Å"asymptotically† normally distributed, but they will not be efficient any more, the same thing also happens with the heteroscedasticity. There are four methods to detect the autocorrelation which are: Graphical Method The Runs Test Durbin-Watson d test A general test for autocorrelation: the Breusch-Godfrey or (BG) test Let’s talk about each one separately The first is the graphical method: â€Å" the assumption of non autocorrelation of the classical model relates to the population disturbance ut , they are not directly observable, but instead of them we have their proxies ?t which we can obtain by using the normal OLS steps.† There are a lot of ways to examine the residual, the easiest is that we can plot them against time and this is called â€Å" Time sequence plot† also we can plot the â€Å" Standardized Residual† against time, the standardized residuals are not the real residuals they are the samples which are made like this â€Å"?t â€Å" their values are always pure numbers and we can make a comparison between it and the standardized residual of another regression. The second is the â€Å" Run Test† and sometimes it is called â€Å"Geary test which is a â€Å" test that we make no assumption about the distribution from which the observations are drawn or it is called a non parametric test† : this occurs when the set of data that we are working on is divided in to negative and positive observations, then in this data we will find several residuals that are positive and another several residuals that are negative. The run is defined as â€Å" an un interrupted sequence of one simple† which means that for example if we have in the observation ten positive numbers under each other then they are in a set alone and then we had eleven negative numbers they will be in a set alone and then we had another five positive numbers so this will be another set and not added to the other positive set they are written like this: (++++) () (+++++++) The runs length is determined through the number of elements inside every set for example in the example here we have three runs the first is containing four pluses the second is containing six minuses and the third run is containing seven pluses. â€Å" One can derive a test of randomness of runs, by examining how runs behave in a strictly random sequence of observations.† We must look to the number of runs that we have for instance in the previous example they are consisting of three runs and seventeen observations. â€Å" we must look if this is too many or too few compared with the number of runs expected in a strictly random sequence of seventeen observations.† â€Å" if it is consisting of too many runs it means that the residual changes signs a lot so the indicates negative serial correlation, and if they were containing of very few runs they may suggest positive auto correlation.† There are some shortcuts that are done to make things become easier which are: â€Å" N: Total number of observations = N1+N2† â€Å" N1: Number of the plus residuals† â€Å" N2: Number of minus residuals† â€Å" R: Number of runs† â€Å" Under the null hypothesis the successive outcomes are independent and we make an assumption that N1 > 10 and N2 > 10† â€Å" Mean: E(R) = (2 N1N2 )/N+ 1† â€Å" Variance: ?_(R= (2N_(1 N_(2 ( 2 N_1 N_2-N)) ))/((?N)?^2 (N-1)))^2† The third is the â€Å" Durbin Watson d test† it is the most known test for getting the serial correlation and it is defined in the following equation: d = (?_(t=2)^(t=1)(?t-t ?_(-1))^2 ?)/(?_(t=1)^(t=n)t ?^2 ) This equation is the â€Å" ratio of the sum of squared differences in successive residuals to the RSS† the number that we get from the numerator of the â€Å" d statistic† equation is â€Å" n-1†. There is a great advantage of the â€Å" d statistic† which is that it is â€Å" based on the estimated residual, which are calculated in the regression analysis.† There are six assumptions used in the d-statistic which are: â€Å" The regression model includes the intercept term. Sometimes it is not presented as in the case of the regression through the origin, it is essential to rerun the regression including the intercept term to obtain the RSS† â€Å" The explanatory variables are non stochastic or fixed in repeated sampling.† â€Å" The disturbance are generated by the first order autoregressive scheme: ut = put-1+?_t. Therefore it cannot be used to detect higher order autoregressive schemes. â€Å" The error term ut is assumed to be normally distributed.† â€Å" The regression model does not include the lagged values of the dependent variable as one of the explanatory variables.† â€Å" There are no missing observations in the data.† There is a line that is from 0 till d From o till dL â€Å" Reject Ho evidence of positive autocorrelation.† From dL till dU â€Å"Zone of indecision† From dU till 2 and from 2 till 4-dU we do not reject H0 or H0* or both From 4 – du till 4 – dL: â€Å" is called the zone of indecision. From 4 – dL till 4 reject H0* evidence of negative autocorrelation. There is a rule that says H0: No positive autocorrelation and H0*: No negative autocorrelation. There are some rules that we have to define from it:Type equation here. p ?= ((U_(t ) ) ?(U_t ) ?-1?)/((U_t^2 ) ? ) By using the previous equation we can say that d?2(1-p ?) There is another equation says -1 ? p ? 1 implies that o ? d ? 4 any estimated d value must lie between these limits. In the first equation if p ? = 0, d = 2, this is only in the case if there is no serial correlation, then d is expected to be 2, if d was 2 in an application then there is an assumption that can be made that â€Å" there is no first order autocorrelation, either positive or negative, if p ? was +1 this indicates perfect positive correlation in the residuals. When d is closer to zero this means that the evidence of positive serial correlation is great, and if there is autocorrelation the residuals will be bunched together and their differences will therefore tend to be small, and as a result of this the numerator some of squares will be smaller in comparison with denominator sum of squares, if p ? was -1 this means that there is a negative correlation among successive residuals, d?4 the closer the d to 4 the greater the evidence of negative serial correlation. After we assume the assumptions that are listed above then we can go in the procedures of Durbin Watson test correctly which are: â€Å" Run the OLS regression and obtain the residuals.† â€Å" Calculate d from d = (?_(t=2)^(t=1)(?t-t ?_(-1))^2 ?)/(?_(t=1)^(t=n)t ?^2 ) and this is a step that most of the computers do.† â€Å" For the given sample size and the given numbers of explanatory variables find out the critical dL and dU variables.† The fourth and last one is the Breusch Godfrey or (BG) test: It is a test that is made to not do the wrong things that happened in the Durbin Watson test of autocorrelation, and this test allows â€Å" no stochastic repressors such as the lagged values of the regressand, and higher order autoregressive scheme.† Y = B1 + B2Xt +Ut Assume that the error term (Ut) is as follows: Ut =P1Ut-1 + P2Ut-2 ¬ + †¦+ PpUt-p + ?t The Ho that is going to be tested is P1 = P2 = †¦ = Pp = 0 The Breusch Godfrey test steps is like this: â€Å"Estimate Y = B1 + B2Xt +Ut by OLS and obtain the residual.† â€Å" regress Ut on the original Xt.† â€Å" if the sample size is large (BG) have shown that: (n – p)R2~ X2p There are many tests for autocorrelation because there is â€Å" no particular test has yet been judjed to be unequivocally best and thus the analysts are still in the unenviable position of considering a varied collection of test procedures for detecting the presence or structure or both of autocorrelation.† There are some steps that we have to do when we find autocorrelation the first is to try to find out if the autocorrelation is â€Å"pure autocorrelation† and not as a result of mis-specification of the model, the second thing is that it was â€Å"pure autocorrelation appropriate transformation of the original model can be used, because in the transformed model we do not have the problem of pure autocorrelation, the third thing is â€Å" in a large sample we can use the newly west method to obtain standard error of OLS estimators that are corrected for autocorrelation.† The fourth and last thing is that â€Å"in some situations we can continue to use the OLS method† Research Papers on Autocorrelation (Econometrics)Research Process Part OneStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Fifth HorsemanThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

The Email Outreach Plan Ian Cleary Uses to Build Relationships + Links

The Email Outreach Plan Ian Cleary Uses to Build Relationships + Links Do you open your Inbox only to see several emails asking for the same thing? To link to someone else’s content? Instantly, you move them to the Trash folder. Email outreach can actually work and complement your inbound marketing efforts. But your emails need to not be anything like the random ones that you throw away. Today, we’re talking to Ian Cleary of RazorSocial and OutreachPlus. He is an amazing inbound marketer, who has discovered that complementing inbound tactics with outbound email outreach can help you build relationships, increase brand authority, and boost your backlink profile. To do it well, you need to think about personalized connections, providing value to them, and starting small. Everything you will learn about email outreach from Ian is pure gold. It works, and it can help you reach your goals. Definition of Email Outreach: An email outreach tool helps you reach out to subscribers, a new audience, a smaller audience, or a group of influencers Send highly personalized emails to promote content or generate leads Benefits of email outreach include building your brand, driving relevant traffic to your site, promoting your content, and growing your authority Cold email outreach works by with highly personalized, relevant, and very targeted emails Provide something of value; deliver brief, quality content Conduct research to make sure you are reaching out to the right target audience Don’t think about selling, but about starting a conversation Ways to find influencers and build relationships, develop relevancy Following Up: Send two emails and then stop; don’t be annoying or damage relationships Outreach Criteria: Look for opportunities to engage and interact with Websites with a higher authority to get valuable links Tactics that work to complement outreach efforts include getting onto social media, sharing content, and looking for opportunities to interact; when reaching out, reference conversation, interaction, or piece of content Highest converting outreach for Ian is guest posting; invite people to be a part of the blogs you’re writing When getting started with email outreach start small, build the skill, and get better at it over time to be successful Links: RazorSocial OutreachPlus How to Find Influencers with a Framework for Measuring Influence Twitonomy GroupHigh Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Ian Cleary: â€Å"Ive done a lot of outreach reaching out to people to build relationships, to build links to my content, do a lot of promotional content.† â€Å"I think nowadays, you need to do inbound and outbound–its crucial to do both. Email outreach is where youre reaching out by email.† â€Å"I say do a small number of emails, highly personalized, and very targeted. Do your research to make sure its very relevant.†

The benefits of cryotherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The benefits of cryotherapy - Essay Example In order to achieve this, cryotherapy has become one of the most preferred approaches by doctors to boost the immune system of the human body. Researchers have proved that cryotherapy comes with numerous benefits and patients who have been subject to this technology have indicated admirable outcomes. Cryotherapy basically involves a simple process that entails exposing the human body to very low temperatures. It is â€Å"therapeutic use of cold† (Archer 262). It involves spraying patients with a dry nitrogen mist the cools then skin immediately patients enter a chamber that is specially designed for this purpose. Even though the temperature of the skin is lowered just for a few minutes, the result of spraying patients with skin-chilling dry Nitrogen is often wonderful (Archer 262). When the temperature of the body drops, the immune system of the body is activated to respond, thereby leading to pain or inflammation relief (Eaves 72; Kenner 662; Aigner and Stephens 48). Perhaps, some people are wondering about how it feels when one undergoes cryotherapy. The therapy is very quick and the whole treatment procedure is absolutely painless, which is one of the main advantages of cryotherapy. Cryotherapy is also beneficial because it treats numerous health conditions (Knight and Draper 5). Cryotherapy can be used to treat serious debilitating diseases like arthritis and Fibromyalgia. It is also known to boost the performance of athletes (Millis and Levine 314). According to CryoClinics, cryotherapy remains crucial for facilitating recovery in sports and ensuring highly competitive sports (CryoClinics Para 11). Do you recall the ice bags that team doctors usually put on the head of players when there is head collision of some soccer player hurt his leg? This is fundamentally what cryotherapy technique. â€Å"Welsh rugby team began using cryotherapy in the run-up to the 2011 Rugby World Cup in order to aid their

Depiction of Culture in the Band's Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Depiction of Culture in the Band's Visit - Essay Example The importance of cross cultural understanding has been impressively portrayed in the movie through the tale of Egyptian police orchestra arrived in Israel to play at the inauguration ceremony of the Arab Cultural Centre. When they arrived Israel there was no one at the airport to receive them and they seek the way to get at the spot at their own. On their way to reach the spot, the members of the group communicate and miscommunicate with each other and their interaction with each other and people in Israel shows the differences of cultures that influence the understanding of each other. The members of the band fall in to the problems due to the difference in the pronunciation of some letters in Arabic and English however, as they proceed they found that despite several cultural differences they share lots of human characteristics with the Israelis. The visit allows them exploring the similarities within the different cultures. The story of the movie tells about the situation when tw o set of people belonging to different culture interact with each other. The movie shows the strength of cross culture understanding and also explains how lives of the people are affected while moving in a culturally strange society. It gives the message that only the sense of humanity could help people in such situation because when someone could see them as human and not people of other culture they could come forward to help them, otherwise the culture biasness never allows people of different cultures to openly help each other at their best. The Egyptian band lost in Israel eventually reached a fictional town that was not their actual destination. At the town they were helped by a kind-hearted restaurant owner Dina who arranged space for the band members to spend night at her home and homes of her friends. While spending the night at the Israeli people’ homes the Egyptian bands and their Israeli hosts got the opportunity to know each other beyond the political and culture differences as they interact with each other as ordinary people regardless of their cultural identities. The movie shows that lives could become easy when people learn to put humanity first and political and cultural boundaries at second place. The band could face even tougher situation if people they met in Israel with give more importance to political and cultural boundaries and less to the humanity. However, their kind behaviour based on humanity allows them understanding each other and help each other to find out the way out from the troublesome situation the Egyptian band was facing in Israel. The night spent at the homes of the Israeli people turned out to be an interesting, funny yet challenging episode for the band members that changed their lives in little yet important ways by adding to their understanding of people from different cultures on the base of humanity. The strange and funny night spent by the band members allowed the learning a lot from the Israeli hosts and a t the same time the Israeli people also gain cross cultural understanding during their stay at their homes. The movie talks about the challenges that the people often encounter while interacting with the people of other c

In a large number of situations both insurers

In a large number of situations both insurers â€Å"In a large number of situations both insurers and the courts recognise that the doctrine of subrogation in insurance may have unfortunate results and is wasteful. It is clear that the doctrine no longer serves any useful purpose†. Discuss. INTRODUCTION It has been recognised that fundamentally it is tort law that ensures compensation for loss in terms of compensation within the concept of the tortfeasor restoring loss through damages being paid to the person wronged[1]. In terms of insurance this liability can be revealed through the idea behind third party liability, the first party being the insured, the second party being the insurer, and the third party relating to any potential for restitution needing to be paid to anybody not included within the terms of the contract who might have met some sort of loss through the actions of the insured person, eventually becoming incorporated into the law of liability. Meanwhile, subrogation[2] has been defined as â€Å"the substitution[3] of one person in place of another with reference to a lawful claim†[4] or, more simply, the recognition in law that a lawful claim may be pursued by a third party in accordance with the principles of substitution[5]. Various types of subrogation are recognised, revealed as legal, statutory and conventional subrogation, the latter relating specifically to the terms of a contract, the legal revealed in allowing one individual to assume the rights over another and the statutory occurring as a result of the law being applied in terms of legal subrogation. This essay, focuses on the tenets of insurance law through which the principle of indemnity is revealed through the doctrine of subrogation in terms of its conventional interpretation within its statutory framework, i.e. as a remedy in â€Å"what might be classified as unjust enrichment in a legal system that is based upon the civil law†[6]. Subrogation originates from both common law and the laws of equity and it is also through both equity and common law that it continues to be administered, with the law of restitution recognised as a quasicontract within common law rather than incorporated into the laws of contract[7] or the law of tort. It has, however, become clear that this doctrine of subrogation no longer serves any useful purpose and has by been recognised both insurers and the courts that, in many situations, it may have unfortunate results and is wasteful. This essay discusses the issues surrounding the concept of subrogation and presents an argument that suggests that the function of this doctrine is, indeed, outmoded, inefficient and costly. DISCUSSION No Profit Rule Any capricious risk reassigned through a contract of insurance is subject to various fundamental assumptions, one of which is the factor surrounding that risk’s arbitrary nature. Through the element of ‘utmost good faith’[8] it is expected that the person to be insured discloses everything that could be relevant to the risk that the insurer is taking when it has agreed to insure the client[9]. Similarly, the client may not be put at a disadvantage by any actions the insurer may undertake, with a number of regulations to ensure that the insurer adheres to acceptable practices and the insured does not, through any misrepresentation, preclude any entitlements owed to the insurer[10]. Under the terms of the ‘made whole principle’ the insured person must be reimbursed in full prior to any profit being considered liable to the insurer, and the insurer may not implement the doctrine of subrogation until the insured person has been reimbursed in full[11], exc ept where a clause in the policy enables the insurer to apply the principle of subrogation when only partial payment has been made. Nevertheless, insurers are within their statutory rights to offer a voluntary settlement to the insured person and then pursue judgment with the expectation of receiving full compensation through implementing the doctrine of subrogation against the third party’s liability insurance. However, the client may not jeopardise the trust that exists between insurer and insured by claiming more than their loss[12], more recently the basis of a case where a Canadian Court of Appeal reduced the amount of compensation received by the Appellant, while they: â€Å"imposed significant punishment for the bad faith of the respondent without upsetting the proper balance between the compensatory and punitive functions of tort law†. Although in English law claiming more than the actual loss is not specifically illegal, to do so would be in breach of equitable principles and the doctrine of indemnity which assumes that the insured person would not make a profit from their loss. The doctrine of subjugation may be used in certain cases, stipulated by the courts, in order to remedy situations[13] whereby an unjust profit had been made, in accordance with the explanation given by Lord Diplock in Orakpo v Manson Investments Ltd: â€Å"It is a convenient way of describing the transfer of rights from one person to another, without assignment or assent of the person from whom the rights are transferred and which takes place in a whole variety of widely different circumstances†[14]. Should the situation occur whereby the insured profits, it would be expected that they reimburse any excess to their insurer[15]. Meanwhile, if, after both the insured and the insurer has been fully indemnified, there is excess money from the claim, the insurer is within their rights to claim it, as in the case of Yorkshire Insurance Co v Nisbet Shipping Co[16]. Similarly, if a claim is settled in full by a third party and the money paid to the insurer, then that insurer is legally within their rights to deduct any excess from the compensation before paying the residue to the insured in accordance with the terms of their insurance agreement, as revealed in the case of Scottish Union National Insurance Co v Davis[17]. Evidence of Loss The Courts tend to interpret insurance policies in accordance with those rules relating to the laws governing contracts, taking the overall context as being consistent with the actual intended meaning[18] although, in situations where a meaning might be unclear it is usually the insured person who benefits in accordance with the doctrine of contra proferentem in terms of the guidelines of equity, although in the case of Leppard v Excess Insurance Co Ltd the actual sum awarded to the insured was reduced on Appeal as it was ruled the insured had been awarded indemnity in excess of his loss[19]. Accordingly, and in view of the fact that insurance policies are subject to the rules of contract, it is necessary to ascertain whether the client was insured and, if so, under what terms, as revealed in the case of Sprung v Royal Insurance (UK) Ltd[20] where it was decided that, although the plaintiff had clearly suffered a loss through the late payment of his claim, the: â€Å"loss was recoverable in law from the defendants in addition to the interest element of the sum which had already been paid in respect of the loss under the policy†[21]. However, the figure awarded should be in accordance with the market value of the property and, in situations where a property was incomplete, the value of the loss should reflect the market value at the time the loss occurs, illustrated by the case of Richard Aubrey Film Productions Ltd v Graham[22] who, nearing completion of their filming, had their negatives stolen. At completion the film had an estimated market value of around  £20,000 but, as it still required further editing and other attention, thought to be around  £4,700 in value, prior to release the full market value was not considered to be appropriate. It was interpreted that compensation should be in accordance with the value of an ordinary indemnity contract, reflecting the sum a buyer would be prepared to pay for the film at the time of loss. An overriding factor in assessing whether compensation may be payable is the legislation appropriate to each individual case, identified through either its comprehensive cover or through its specific limitations in terms of criteria. Policies need to take account for the devastation fire can cause, taking into account ‘reasonable reinstatement’ as clarified by Reynolds v Phoenix Assurance Co Ltd[23] relating to the proposed refurbishment of an old mill. On the advice of their insurance brokers they greatly increased their indemnity. Subsequently a fire destroyed most of the building. It was established that the policyholder genuinely intended to rebuild the property and should be properly indemnified, although an issue was raised with the doctrine of undue enrichment, which was taken into account. Remedy of Restitution According to case law, and especially clarified by Lord Diplock[24], it is generally an accepted principle that the rule of subrogation cannot be appropriate in every case and should be utilised reservedly for instances where it is especially pertinent and, as clarified in the case of Re TH Knitwear (Wholesale) Ltd[25], only to the satisfaction of the courts, as in the case of Campbell Auto Finance Co v Warren in 1933[26], and similarly in later rulings, e.g. Re Chobaniuk and Canadian Johns Manville Co Ltd[27], although there are always exceptions. Subrogation may occur through the breach of duty or duplicity by the defendant resulting in the plaintiff being owed some form of corrective justice and recognised as a fundamental principle that profit may not be assumed through deceit[28], or the doctrine of unjust enrichment[29], in accordance with Lord Goff’s ruling in Lipkin Gorman[30]: â€Å"A claim to recover money at common law is made as a matter of right; and even though the underlying principle of recovery is the principle of unjust enrichment, nevertheless, where recovery is denied, it is denied on the basis of legal principle†. An insurer may enter into a simple subrogation by metaphorically standing in place of the insured person[31], after the insured person’s claim has been paid[32], and claiming the value of the insured person’s indemnity from this third party. This claim through subrogation must, however, be undertaken in the name of the insured person to reflect the fact that liability continues even though the insured person has already been indemnified. In effect, this means that the insurer is forcing the insured person to undertake further action despite the fact that they have already received full payment. The result will reimburse the insurer to the value of that which has already been paid to the insured. In theory, this would enable an insured person who had suffered a loss from the actions of a third person, to receive double compensation through a secondary action against the third party, the tortfeasor, as in the case of Caledonia North Sea Ltd v London Bridge Engineering Co[33] during which the insurers were allowed to â€Å"exercise a right of subrogation and sue in the insured's name under the contracts of indemnity†. The perception of compensation has a dual function: the satisfaction of obtaining justice against a defendant and the plaintiff being compensated to the value of their loss. Nonetheless, debate[34] currently surrounds the issue of deducting collateral damages that might already have been paid to the plaintiff, the intention being that the plaintiff should be left in the position they were in before the liability occurred according to the precepts of common law as ruled in British Transport Commission v Gourley[35]. It was recognised in Parry v Cleaver[36] that common law offers no recognition of prior benefits being deducted or not with it being left to the courts’ discretion to rule in accordance with â€Å"justice, reasonableness and public policy†[37] and, despite the law of tort remaining at variance with any of the more updated methods of compensation, its procedures continue to be an important way of recompensing for loss with the result that collateral compensati on often results in a breach of the doctrine of unjust enrichment, as revealed in British Transport Commission v Gourley: â€Å"it is a universal rule that the plaintiff cannot recover more than he has lost†¦Before Gourley’s case it was well established that there was no universal rule with regard to sums which came to the plaintiff as a result of the accident but which would not have come to him but for the accident†[38]. This ruling was later upheld in Hussain v New Taplow Paper Mills Ltd[39] due, in part, to Lord Bridge’s view that the tortfeasor should not benefit because the plaintiff had paid insurance premiums or received other payments as the result of charity, i.e. an award of damages having a deterrent effect through the defendant having to pay compensation, highlighted in the case of Redpath v Belfast and County Down Railway[40], although this was later superseded by British Transport Commissioners v Gourley[41]. When Browning v War Office[42] was heard in the Court of Appeal it was noted that: â€Å"whether the policy of the common law in these types of actions is to provide restitution for the plaintiff or to visit retribution on the defendant?†[43]. CONCLUSION Insurance law does not necessarily correlate with the principles of common law, with indemnity considered to be non-deductible due to a variety of reasons, part of which appears to be a reflection on the courts’ attitude to social policy. It was ruled in the case of Caledonia North Sea Ltd v London Bridge Engineering Co[44], i.e. Caledonia North Sea Limited (Respondents) v British Telecommunications Plc (Appellants) (Scotland) and Others[45]: â€Å"insurance company recoveries, under their right of subrogation, most often flow from tort actions is quite natural, but without significance. Subrogation is an equitable principle and applies to contract rights as fully as it does to tort actions†¦ The insurer is subrogated to appellant's contract right of indemnity. This sustains the cause of action against appellant for the identical reason that subrogation sustains a tort action where the plaintiff has been paid for his loss† The case of Parry v Cleaver[46], decided in the House of Lords, illustrates the incongruous situation of continuing to recognise the doctrine of subrogation in insurance, recognised by both insurers and the courts as being wasteful and no longer serving any useful purpose, with both the opportunity and the possibility of various unfortunate results emerging from this practice continuing, the concept of insurance having diminished the influence tort alone now has in terms of restitution[47]. Insurance companies now reimburse up to 94% of all damages and 88% of all claims in tort through insurance premiums that have been pre-paid[48]. The law of restitution or quasicontract is recognised at common law rather than contractual remedies or remedies at tort. However, evidence provided by case law suggests that the circumstances in which these remedies are applied is reliant on a specific set of principles[49] and there appears to be considerable doubt as to the criteria for subrogation allowed to be applied, with it being suggested that applying it arbitrarily was unacceptable – it should be a â€Å"matter of principle†[50]. The definitive case that has been acknowledged as introducing the law of restitution into case law was Moses v Macferlan[51]. â€Å"The law of restitution is the law relating to all claims†¦which are founded upon the principle of unjust enrichment†[52]. It has been claimed that ‘federal class actions have tripled over the past 10 years’ represented by a burgeoning escalation of over 1000%[53] and is contributing to an incipient damage to the US economy with ‘litigation costs increased at four times the growth of the overall economy’[54]. Krauss observes that the law of tort is ‘not insurance against unfortunate losses†¦[it]†¦does not exist to protect against risks’. As he clarifies, the competitive nature of the insurance industry enables premiums paid by policy holders to cover the cost of most claims[55]. In the US this may be achieved through social insurance, welfare payments and tax law or by way of private insurance, none of which had evolved to such developments as modern society enjoys when the cases of Castellain v Preston[56] and Darrell v Tibbetts[57] were being heard in the Court of Appeal during the 19th Century. Subrogation was ruled in Darrell v Tibbetts[58] as payment had been made for a loss which, in retrospect, was revealed not to have been a loss and, as such, the plaintiff was entitled to seek redress from the courts in order to be reimbursed for his loss. In Castellain v Preston, however, this was not the case and ultimately resulted in both sellers and purchasers, in effecting conveyance of property, to be required to insure that property against loss, an apparent example of a wasteful exercise. The ruling made by Chitty J was on the premise that â€Å"The contract of sale was not a contract†¦for the preservation of the buildings insured†[59]. However, it was also recorded that Chitty, J correlated ‘subrogation’ with â€Å"the insurers are entitled to enforce all the remedies whether in contract or in tort†, thereby paving the way to future confusion between when subrogation was an appropriate action and blurring the distinction between the law of contract, that of tort and that of quasicontract administered through common law. The case went to Appeal where Brett, LJ[60] interpreted simple subrogation as a doctrine of subrogation interchangeable with the doctrine of indemnity. The Law Reform Commission state that Brett, LJ ‘distorted the definition of subrogation so as to cover the case’[61] with the effect that it has subsequently been misapplied in many other cases[62], with its true application, equity, continuing to be incorrectly interpreted over the years as subrogation. The Commission states: â€Å"†¦its long-term effect has been to introduce a confusion into the heart of the law in this area which has rendered its workings obscure and which must be stripped away before the remedies made available†¦to enforce the principle of indemnity can properly be understood†[63]. This reinforces their view of sufficient welfare provision and private insurance cover to preclude the need to subrogate a claim against a tortfeasor. In accordance with this view, the doctrine of subrogation can no longer serve any useful purpose and, in view of the amount of waste in terms of litigation costs and courts’ time that results from this doctrine far outweighs its continued value or rationale. Total Word Count (excluding bibliography and footnotes): 3,000 words BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS: Beatson, J (2002): Anson’s Law of Contract, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Page 20. Bird and Hird (2001): Modern Insurance Law, London: Sweet and Maxwell, Page 256 Black's Law Dictionary, 6th Edition (1990). Burrows, (1993): The Law of Restitution, London: Butterworths, Page 1 Goff and Jones (1998): The Law of Restitution, [5th ed]. London: Sweet and Maxwell, Page 3 Krauss, Michael I (1992): Tort Law and Private Ordering, USA: St Louis University Press Mitchell, Charles (1994): The Law of Subrogation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Page 4 Oxford English Dictionary, The Compact Edition ( Oxford, 1987), ii. 3126 Virgo, Graham (1999): Principles of the Law of Restitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press ARTICLES: Barker, (1995): Unjust Enrichment: containing the beast. In OJLS, 15, 457,473 Barker, (1998): Rescuing Remedialism in Unjust Enrichment Law: why remedies are right. In CLJ, 57, 301. Birds, John: Contractual subrogation in insurance. [1979] JBL 124, Pages 132 133 Connor, Martin F (2000, October): Taming the Mass Tort Monster, In the National Legal Centre for the Public Interest, Page 4 Hasson, Reuben: Subrogation in insurance law a critical evaluation. [1985] 5 Oxford J Legal Stud 416, Page 425 428 HMSO: Report of the Royal Commission on Civil Liability and Compensation for Personal Injury [UK Pearson Commission (1978, Vol. 2, para. 509) [Cmnd 7054] Law Reform Commission CONSULTATION PAPER ON COLLATERAL BENEFITS (LRC CP 15 1999) Dublin: IPC House ONLINE RESOURCES (Site visited 25/05/05. Hyperlinks functioning) Krauss, Michael I (2004): Medical Malpractice: is it time for Tort Reform in Maryland, USA?: The Maryland Public Policy Institute http://www.mdpolicy.org/research/health/MDMedMal.pdf Parsons, Chris (2002): Moral Hazard and Behavioural Aspects of Liability Insurance. http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:VR1wzB7SfwEJ:www.nottingham.ac.uk/business/cris/ukec/2002paper5.doc+Pearson+Commission%2Binsurance%2Bclaims%2B88%25%2Btort+hl=en TABLE OF CASES: British Transport Commission v Gourley [1956] AC 185, [1955] 3 All ER 796, [1956] 2 WLR 41, 2 Lloyd's Rep 475, 34 ATC 305, [1955] TR 303, 49 RIT 11 Browning v War Office and Another [1960 B. No. 3080] [COURT OF APPEAL] [1963] 1 QB 750 Caledonia North Sea Ltd v London Bridge Engineering Co [2000] Lloyd's Rep IR 249 Campbell Auto Finance Co v. Warren [ 1933] 4 DLR 509 at 515 Canadian Johns Manville Co Ltd [1969] 39 WWR 680 at 681 Castellain v Preston Others [1881-1885] All ER Rep 493 Castellain v Preston and Others [1882] 8 QB D 613 (April 4) Castellain v Preston and Others [1883]11 QB D 380 (March, 12) Commercial Union Ass Co v Lister (1874)LR 9 Ch 483 Darrell v Tibbetts (Court of Appeal) 5 QB D 560 Hussain v New Taplow Paper Mills Ltd [1988] 1 AC 514, [1988] 1 All ER 541, [1988] 2 WLR 266, [1988] ICR 259, [1988] IRLR 167 Leppard v Excess Insurance Co Ltd [1979] 2 All ER 668, [1979] 1 WLR 512, [1979] 2 Lloyd's Rep 91, 2 ILR 107, 250 EG 751, [1979] EGD 246 Lipkin Gorman (A Firm) v Karpnale Ltd [1991] 2 AC 548, 578 Livingstone v Rawyards Coal Co (1880) 5 App Cas 25, 39 Morrison and Morrison v. Canadian Surety Co, n. 4 above, at 86 per Coyne, JA Moses v Macferlan [1776] 2 Burr. 1005, 1012; 97 ER 976, 981 Napier v Hunter [1993] 2 WLR 42: Lord Napier and Ettrick and Another v Hunter and Others and Lord Napier and Ettrick v RF Kershaw Ltd and Others [Consolidated Appeals] HL [1993] AC 713 Orakpo v Manson Investments Ltd and Others [ 1978] AC 95, [1977] 3 All ER 1, [1977] 3 WLR 229, 36 P CR 1 Page v Scottish Insurance Corporation Ltd; Forster v Page (Court of Appeal) [1929] 33 Ll.L Rep. 134 Parry v Cleaver (House of Lords) [1970] AC 1, [1969] 1 All ER 555, [1969] 2 WLR 821, [1969] 1 Lloyd's Rep 183, 6 KIR 265, (48 MLR 20) Phoenix Assurance Co v Spooner [1905] 2 KB 753 Rayner v Preston (1881) 18 Ch D 1 Regal Films [1946 OCA] Reynolds and Anderson v Phoenix Assurance Co Ltd and Others (Queen’s Bench Division) [1978] 2 Lloyd's Rep 440 2 ILR 75, 3 ILR 51, 247 EG 995, [1978] EGD 172 Re TH Knitwear (Wholesale) Ltd [ 1988] Ch 275 at 286 Richard Aubrey Film Productions Ltd v Graham [1960] QB 2 Lloyd's Rep 101 Scottish Union National Insurance Co v Davis [1970] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 1 Sprung v Royal Insurance (UK) Ltd [1999] Lloyd's Rep IR 111, (Transcript: Smith Bernal) West of England Fire Insurance Co v Isaacs (Court of Appeal) [1895 1899] All ER Rep 683 Whiten v. Pilot Insurance Co., [2002] 1 S.C.R. 595, 2002 SCC 18 Yorkshire Insurance Co Ltd v Nisbet Shipping Co Ltd (Queen’s Bench) [1962] 2 QB 330, [1961] 2 All ER 487, [1961] 2 WLR 1043, [1961] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 479 1 Footnotes [1] Livingstone v Rawyards Coal Co (1880) 5 App Cas 25, 39 [2] Concept introduced in by Court of Appeal in the cases of Darrell v Tibbetts [1880] (Court of Appeal) 5 QB D 560 and Castellain v. Preston, ( 1883) 11 QBD 380 [3] The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary ( Oxford, 1987), ii. 3126 [4] Black's Law Dictionary, 6th Edition (1990). [5] Orakpo v. Manson Investments Ltd [ 1978] AC 95 at 112, per Lord Edmund-Davies [6] Orakpo v Manson Investments Ltd [ 1978] AC 95 per Lord Diplock [7] Beatson, J (2002): Anson’s Law of Contract, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Page 20. [8] Bird and Hird (2001): Modern Insurance Law, London: Sweet and Maxwell, Page 256 believe that â€Å"It may be that there is no general continuing duty of utmost faith†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [9] West of England Fire Insurance Co v Isaacs [1897] 1 QB 226 [10] Phoenix Assurance Co v Spooner [1905] 2 KB 753 [11] Page v Scottish Insurance Corporation [1929] 98 LJKB 308 [12] Rayner v Preston (1881) 18 Ch D 1 [13] Mitchell, Charles (1994): The Law of Subrogation. Contributors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Page 4 [14] [ 1978] AC 95 per Lord Diplock [15] Darrell v Tibbetts [1880] (Court of Appeal) 5 QB D 560 [16] [1962] 2 QB 330 [17] [1970] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 1 [18] Leppard v Excess Insurance Co Ltd [1979] 2 All ER 668, [1979] 1 WLR 512, [1979] 2 Lloyd's Rep 91, 2 ILR 107, 250 EG 751, [1979] EGD 246 [19] ibid [20] [1999] Lloyd's Rep IR 111 [21] Sprung v Royal Insurance (UK) Ltd [1999] Lloyd's Rep IR 111, per Hedley, J [22] [1960] QB 2 Lloyd's Rep 101 [23] [1978] QB 2 Lloyd's Rep 440 [24] Orakpo v Manson Investments Ltd [ 1978] AC 95 per Lord Diplock [25] [ 1988] Ch 275 at 286, per Slade LJ [26] Campbell Auto Finance Co v. Warren [ 1933] 4 DLR 509 at 515, per Masten JA [27] [1969] 39 WWR 680 at 681, per Friesen DCJ [28] Barker, (1995): Unjust Enrichment: containing the beast. In OJLS, 15, 457,473 [29] Burrows, (1993): The Law of Restitutio